Posts Tagged ‘Applications’

Fullerenes: Principles and Applications

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The discovery of caged carbon structures, in 1985, established a whole new field of carbon chemistry. Unlike graphite and diamond, these structures known as fullerenes are finite in structure and are relevant to a wide variety of fields including supramolecular assemblies, nanostructures, optoelectronic devices and a whole range of biological activities. Fullerenes: Principles and Applications discusses all aspects of this exciting field. Sections include: the ba… More >>

Fullerenes: Principles and Applications

Nanotechnology Applications for Clean Water: Solutions for Improving Water Quality

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The World Health Organization in 2004 estimated approximately 1.1 billion people did not have access to clean water and that 35% of Third World residents died from water-borne illnesses. While the situation is grim, recent advances strongly indicate that many of the current water quality problems can be addresses – and potentially resolved – using nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology is already having a dramatic impact on research in water quality and Nanotechnolog… More >>

Nanotechnology Applications for Clean Water: Solutions for Improving Water Quality

Nanobiotechnologies- applications, markets and companies

Nanotechnology is the creation and utilization of materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer-length scale (a nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nanobiotechnology, an integration of physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, chemistry and biotechnology holds considerable promise of advances in pharmaceuticals and healthcare. The report starts with an introduction to various techniques and materials that are relevant to nanobiotechnology. It includes some of the physical forms of energy such as nanolasers. Some of the technologies are scaling down such as microfluidics to nanofluidic biochips and others are constructions from bottom up. Application in life sciences research, particularly at the cell level sets the stage for role of nanobiotechnology in healthcare in subsequent chapters.  market research reports

Some of the earliest applications are in molecular diagnostics. Nanoparticles, particularly quantum dots, are playing important roles. In vitro diagnostics, does not have any of the safety concerns associated with the fate of nanoparticles introduced into the human body. Numerous nanodevices and nanosystems for sequencing single molecules of DNA are feasible. Various nanodiagnostics that have been reviewed will improve the sensitivity and extend the present limits of molecular diagnostics.  company profiles

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An increasing use of nanobiotechnology by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is anticipated. Nanotechnology will be applied at all stages of drug development – from formulations for optimal delivery to diagnostic applications in clinical trials. Many of the assays based on nanobiotechnology will enable high-throughput screening. Some of nanostructures such as fullerenes are themselves drug candidates as they allow precise grafting of active chemical groups in three-dimensional orientations. The most important pharmaceutical applications are in drug delivery. Apart from offering a solution to solubility problems, nanobiotechnology provides and intracellular delivery possibilities. Skin penetration is improved in transdermal drug delivery. A particularly effective application is as nonviral gene therapy vectors. Nanotechnology has the potential to provide controlled release devices with autonomous operation guided by the needs.

Nanomedicine is now within the realm of reality starting with nanodiagnostics and drug delivery facilitated by nanobiotechnology. Miniature devices such as nanorobots could carry out integrated diagnosis and therapy by refined and minimally invasive procedures, nanosurgery, as an alternative to crude surgery. Nanotechnology will markedly improve the implants and tissue engineering approaches as well.

There is some concern about the safety of nanoparticles introduced in the human body and released into the environment. Research is underway to address these issues. As yet there are no FDA directives to regulate nanobiotechnology but as products are ready to enter market, these are expected to be in place.

Future nanobiotechnology markets are calculated on the basis of the background markets in the areas of application and the share of this market by new technologies and state of development at any given year in the future. This is based on a comprehensive and thorough review of the current status of nanobiotechnology, research work in progress and anticipated progress. There is definite indication of large growth of the market but it will be uneven and cannot be plotted as a steady growth curve. Marketing estimates are given according to areas of application, technologies and geographical distribution starting with 2010. The largest expansion is expected between the years 2015 and 2020.

Transparent polymer nanocomposites for aerospace applications.

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Transparent polymer nanocomposites (PNC) with carbon nano-fillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) or C60 fullerene were studied. Fabrication of PNC with covalently functionalized C60 fullerene, which acquired high visible light transparency, was performed to study how it would affect the optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the base polycarbonate (chapter two). Novel mechanical and chemical approaches were applied to a dilute CNT mat, a thin layer of fibrou… More >>

Transparent polymer nanocomposites for aerospace applications.

Reactive Polymeric and Nanocomposite Supports and Their Applications: Reactive Functionalized Polymers and Nanocomposites and Their Applications for … in Chemical Reactions and Agriculture

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The objective of the research activity being undertaken in this book is focused on creating superior materials with improved properties to overcome the drawbacks of using traditional materials and to offer a major opportunity for advanced applications. The subjects of this book have been directed towards three parts. 1) Preparation and characterization of reactive functionalized polymers and polymer-clay nanocomposites to produce materials with enhanced combined pro… More >>

Reactive Polymeric and Nanocomposite Supports and Their Applications: Reactive Functionalized Polymers and Nanocomposites and Their Applications for … in Chemical Reactions and Agriculture